UMass Researchers Develop Plant-Based Mining for U.S. Nickel

Scientists modify Camelina sativa to extract nickel while producing biofuel, offering a sustainable solution for mineral supply.

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A breakthrough at the University of Massachusetts Amherst could transform nickel mining by using plants to extract the critical mineral from soil. Researchers have genetically modified Camelina sativa, a common oilseed crop, to absorb nickel efficiently while also serving as a biofuel feedstock. This innovation could provide a sustainable mining solution, reducing dependence on international sources and supporting the green energy transition.

Plant-Based Nickel Extraction: A Sustainable Alternative

Led by Professor Om Parkash Dhankher, the UMass Amherst research team has enhanced Camelina sativa to accumulate significant nickel levels from low-concentration soils. Unlike traditional phytomining techniques, which rely on slow-growing and invasive plants like Odontarrhena, this approach offers a faster and more efficient solution.

Key advantages of this plant-based nickel mining method include:

  • Increased harvest cycles – Camelina can be grown two to three times faster than conventional nickel-accumulating plants.
  • Dual-revenue potential – The crop provides both nickel extraction and biofuel production, making it a financially viable option for farmers.
  • Eco-friendly mineral recovery – The process helps remediate soil, improving its quality for future agricultural use.

Domestic Nickel Supply and Market Impact

Currently, the U.S. relies heavily on Indonesia and other international sources for nickel supply. With just one active nickel mine in the country, domestic manufacturers—especially those in the electric vehicle (EV) and battery sectors—face supply chain vulnerabilities.

UMass Amherst researchers estimate that this phytomining technique could meet 20-30% of U.S. nickel demand by cultivating the crop on one million acres of underutilized land containing trace nickel deposits. This approach could significantly reduce reliance on imported nickel while enhancing U.S. mineral independence.

Government Support and Future Development

Recognizing the potential of this technology, the Department of Energy has awarded the research team $1.3 million to further develop the genetically modified Camelina strain. This funding highlights federal interest in sustainable mining alternatives and their role in securing domestic critical minerals for industries such as battery manufacturing and renewable energy.

Professor Baoshan Xing, another key researcher in the project, is leading efforts to optimize soil conditions for maximum nickel absorption. These advancements could create new opportunities for agricultural biotechnology companies, soil remediation specialists, and sustainable farming initiatives.

Environmental and Economic Benefits

Beyond mineral extraction, this phytomining technology offers long-term environmental benefits. It can:

  • Rehabilitate contaminated land, making it suitable for future agricultural use.
  • Support ESG compliance for companies looking to adopt sustainable mining solutions.
  • Strengthen domestic nickel supply chains, reducing disruptions and price volatility.

As industries look for cleaner alternatives to traditional nickel mining, the UMass Amherst phytomining breakthrough could become an asset in critical mineral production.

Environment + Energy Leader