Although peatlands account for just a quarter of the UK's burned land annually, they contribute up to 90% of fire-driven carbon emissions. Between 2001 and 2021, peatland fires released approximately 800,000 metric tons of carbon, dwarfing emissions from other burned landscapes such as moorlands and heathlands. Notably, individual fires have demonstrated severe environmental consequences—such as the 2018 Saddleworth Moor fire, which released 24,000 metric tons of carbon, and the 2019 Flow Country fire, responsible for 96,000 metric tons.
The study highlights a key distinction: while moorland vegetation typically regenerates within two decades, peatlands take centuries to recover lost carbon. This slow regeneration rate raises concerns for businesses focused on carbon neutrality and environmental restoration, as frequent wildfires could compromise long-term sustainability efforts.
One of the study’s most alarming findings is the dramatic extension of the UK’s fire season. From 2011 to 2016, fires typically occurred over one to four months each year. However, between 2017 and 2021, this period expanded to six to nine months, with Scotland experiencing the most significant increase.
Peatlands, which cover 9% of the UK, play a crucial role in carbon sequestration, removing over three million metric tons of CO₂ annually when in a healthy state. However, under a 2°C global warming scenario, carbon emissions from peatland fires could rise by at least 60%. Given that these projections may underestimate the actual impact due to unaccounted increases in burned areas, the need for proactive risk mitigation strategies is critical.
For businesses in land management, carbon markets, and environmental services, the study presents both risks and opportunities. Healthy peatlands are among the UK’s most effective natural carbon sinks, but their vulnerability to fire could turn them into major emission sources. This challenge calls for investment in proactive conservation and fire prevention strategies.
The research suggests that rewetting peatlands—restoring moisture levels to reduce fire risk—could be a cost-effective alternative to certain carbon capture technologies. While logistical and financial barriers exist, businesses with sustainability goals may find value in funding peatland restoration as part of broader carbon offset strategies.
Companies engaged in carbon trading and sustainability consulting should consider incorporating peatland conservation into their portfolios. Potential approaches include direct investment in restoration projects, partnerships with landowners, or the development of innovative financing models to support peatland protection.
