For the first time in history, global aquaculture has outpaced wild capture fisheries. Yet despite this milestone, freshwater aquaculture remains underutilized—particularly in countries with strong environmental policies but limited domestic production. The 2025 Aquaculture Policy Report outlines how freshwater farming can play a critical role in building climate-resilient food systems, reduce pressure on marine stocks, and support rural development with a low environmental footprint.
Freshwater fish farming uses less land, water, and emissions per gram of protein than most livestock—and with proper safeguards, it can be integrated into circular systems that recycle water, nutrients, and energy. But realizing this potential requires addressing major barriers: high regulatory complexity, poor public perception, and a lack of investment in technology and workforce development.
The report highlights a range of science-backed practices that can advance sustainable aquaculture globally:
Public procurement, education campaigns, and streamlined permitting are all recommended strategies to boost uptake and public trust.
Though the report focuses on Germany and Brazil, its lessons are widely applicable: Governments must shift from reactive to proactive aquaculture policies that support sustainable protein production without exacerbating climate or ecological harm.
In a decarbonizing world, fish farming—done right—could offer one of the most efficient, scalable, and nature-positive paths to feeding a growing population.
